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Annotation Queues

An Annotation Queue is the central object in the annotations system. It defines what to review (the items), how to review it (the schema), who reviews it (the assignees), and how many reviews each item needs.

Annotation Schema

Before creating a queue, you need to decide what fields reviewers will fill in. These fields are defined as part of the queue's schema.

Field Types

Type Description Options
integer Whole number input Optional min/max constraints
float Decimal number input Optional min/max constraints
string Free-text input Optional max length
choices Dropdown with predefined options List of allowed values (required)

Each field has a name and an optional description to guide reviewers.

Example schema:

Field Name Type Description
helpfulness integer (1–5) How helpful was the assistant's response?
tone choices (professional, neutral, inappropriate) Describe the tone of the conversation
notes string Any additional observations

Creating a Queue

Navigate to Annotation Queues in the left sidebar and click New Queue.

Field Description
Name Unique name for this queue within your team
Description Optional context for reviewers
Schema Add one or more annotation fields (see above)
Assignees Team members who will review items in this queue
Reviews required Number of independent reviews needed per item (1–10, default: 1)

Multiple reviews

Setting Reviews required to more than 1 is useful when you want multiple reviewers to independently annotate the same item — for example, to measure inter-rater agreement or to get a consensus rating. An item is marked Completed only when it has received the required number of reviews.

Queue Status

Status Meaning
Active Open for annotation
Paused Temporarily closed; reviewers cannot submit new annotations
Completed All items have been reviewed
Archived Queue is closed and no longer active

Changing Reviews Required After Annotation Starts

You can change the Reviews required setting on a queue even after annotation is underway. Because this affects how item statuses are calculated, the system recomputes the status of every non-flagged item when you save the change.

Before applying the change, a confirmation dialog summarises what will happen. Review it carefully before confirming.

Effects of raising the requirement

Increasing Reviews required can move items that were previously Completed back to In Progress or Awaiting resolution — if they no longer have enough reviews to meet the new threshold.

Effects of lowering the requirement

Decreasing Reviews required does not automatically complete items that still have unresolved reviews. Items where all required reviews are in but no authoritative annotation has been selected remain in Awaiting resolution until a reviewer picks one annotation as authoritative.

Switching to multi-reviewer mode

When you increase Reviews required from 1 to more than 1, any authoritative flags that were set automatically by the system are cleared. Authoritative flags that a reviewer set manually are kept. Aggregate scores are refreshed after the change.

Note

Flagged items are not affected by a change to Reviews required — their status remains Flagged until a manager unflags them.

Adding Items

Items can be added to a queue in three ways.

1. Session Selector

From the queue detail page, click Add Sessions. This opens a filterable table of experiment sessions. You can then choose how many sessions to add:

Mode Description
Selected only (default) Add only the sessions you've checked
All matching filters Add every session matching the current filter criteria
Sample Add a random percentage of sessions matching the current filters

Note

A confirmation prompt is shown for bulk operations (all matching, or large samples).

Sessions that are already in the queue are excluded from the selector.

2. Import from Evaluations Dataset

Click Import from Dataset on the queue detail page to add sessions from an existing evaluations dataset. This is useful when you want to annotate the same set of sessions you used for automated evaluations.

3. From a Session Detail Page

On any session detail page, use the Add to Queue button to add that session directly to one or more annotation queues.

Monitoring Progress

The queue detail page shows a progress summary:

  • Total items in the queue
  • Completed items (reached required number of reviews; for multi-reviewer queues, an authoritative annotation has also been selected)
  • Flagged items
  • Overall review progress as a percentage (reviews done / reviews needed)

For multi-reviewer queues, the summary also surfaces two additional counts:

  • Resolved — items that have an authoritative annotation, shown as X / N items resolved
  • Awaiting resolution — items where all required reviews are in but no authoritative annotation has been selected yet (see Resolving Multi-Reviewer Conflicts)

Aggregate Scores

After annotations are submitted, aggregate scores are automatically computed and displayed on the queue detail page.

Field Type Aggregates Shown
Numeric (integer, float) Mean, median, min, max, standard deviation
Categorical (choices) Mode, distribution percentages per option

Aggregates are recomputed after each annotation submission, so you always see up-to-date stats.

Multi-reviewer aggregation

For multi-reviewer queues, aggregates prefer the authoritative annotation per item when one is set. Items without an authoritative pick fall back to averaging across all submitted annotations for that item.

Exporting Results

From the queue detail page (requires queue management permissions), you can export all submitted annotations. Both formats pivot the results so that each reviewer's answers appear side by side, making it easy to compare reviewers on the same item.

Format Structure
CSV Spreadsheet-friendly. One row per (item, schema field), with a column for each reviewer.
JSONL One JSON object per item, suitable for programmatic processing. Each field holds its reviewers' values, keyed by email.

The export covers every item's submitted annotations. Flagged items are always included, even when they have no annotations, so every flagged item appears regardless of review status.

Each exported item carries these shared fields:

Field Description
item_id ID of the annotation item
item_type session or message
session_id External UUID of the linked session (for message items, the session of the message's chat)
flagged Whether the item is flagged
flags List of flag entries recorded on the item (empty when not flagged)
authoritative_annotator Email of the reviewer whose annotation was picked as authoritative for the item; blank if none has been picked. Auto-set on single-reviewer queues; chosen during resolution on multi-reviewer queues.
annotated_at Timestamp of the most recent annotation on the item

Each reviewer's answers to the schema fields are attached per format:

  • CSV adds a field column (the schema field name) and one column per reviewer email. Each row is one item/field combination; the reviewer columns hold that reviewer's value, blank where they did not answer.
  • JSONL adds a fields object shaped {field: {reviewer_email: value}}. A field a reviewer did not answer is null, and values keep their JSON types (numbers stay numbers).

Example JSONL record:

{
  "item_id": 67, "item_type": "session", "session_id": "d99c...",
  "flagged": false, "flags": [],
  "authoritative_annotator": "marcus@example.com", "annotated_at": "2026-07-15T13:17:02Z",
  "fields": {
    "tone":     {"fatima@example.com": "friendly", "marcus@example.com": "too casual"},
    "accuracy": {"fatima@example.com": "accurate", "marcus@example.com": "missed grammar"}
  }
}

Note

In CSV exports, flags is JSON-serialized into a single cell. Use JSONL if you need to process flag entries or field values programmatically without parsing JSON from within a column.

Managing Assignees

Use Manage Assignees on the queue detail page to add or remove reviewers. Assignees receive access to the queue and can see it in their annotation queue list.

Note

If a queue has no assignees, any team member with the annotation permission can annotate items in it. Once assignees are added, only they can submit annotations.